神经电生理监测技术在胸腰椎骨折微创椎弓根螺钉置入术中的应用

目的探讨神经电生理监测技术在脊柱微创椎弓根置钉术中的应用价值。方法回顾分析2011年2月~2014年2月浙江省丽水市人民医院骨科收治的胸腰椎爆裂性骨折并行胸腰椎椎弓根置钉术患者资料52例,在经皮置钉过程中实时自发肌电(spontaneous electromyography,s EMG)和触发肌电(triggered electromyography,t EMG)监测、体感诱发电位(somatosensory evoked potential,SEP)检测。随访患者术后临床神经功能及置钉椎体薄层CT。结果术后9例患者SEP波幅较术前波幅升高,提示症状可能较术前改善,术后随访证实麻木感较术前改善。术中抓获暴发肌电3例,确认钉道破壁。222枚螺钉置入中,经CT提示有21枚螺钉穿破椎弓根,t EMG阳性23例,假阳性2例,并且螺钉破壁后位置与t EMG阈值无明显关联。按美国脊髓损伤学会(America spinal injury association,ASIA)分级随访患者神经功能,术前A级2例、B级3例、C级8例、D级30例、E级9例;末次随访A级1例、B级1例、C级2例、D级17例、E级31例,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 EMG和SEP有各自的作用,联合监测具有互补作用,为指导脊柱椎弓根镙钉置入术的进程和提高手术安全性起到一定作用。     

胸腰椎爆裂性骨折模型的快速制备

目的探讨快速制备胸腰椎爆裂性骨折模型的方法。方法取20个猪胸腰段3联体标本,上下椎体行环氧树脂包埋,中间椎体中部一侧前1/3、2/3处用直径为3.2 mm的钻头钻孔,平行对穿椎体,造成中间椎体的有限性损伤,游标卡尺测量骨折前L1椎体前缘高度,记为完整椎体的高度(HInt)。将9 kg不锈钢锤置于高0.5 m高处,沿引导杆垂直撞击标本,若L1椎体无骨折迹象则升至0.6 m的高度,若有骨折迹象则将钢锤降至0.4 m,在0.5 m的基础上以0.1 m递增或递减进行多次撞击,直至L1形成爆裂性骨折,记录撞击总能量,撞击总能量E=mgh1+mgh2+…+mghn。爆裂性骨折形成后再次测量L1椎体的前缘高度,记为HFr并对所形成的爆裂性骨折模型行影像学检查。结果骨折前椎体前缘高度为(27.405±1.453)mm,骨折后椎体前缘高度为(17.784±1.362)mm,骨折前后差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。当撞击高度为0.5 m时有4个爆裂性骨折模型形成,当累计撞击高度为0.9 m时有13个爆裂性骨折模型形成;当累计撞击高度为1.3 m时有3个爆裂性骨折模型形成。累计平均撞击高度为0.865 m;累计平均撞击能量为76.313 J。影像学显示所有标本椎体均造成典型爆裂性骨折。结论采用上下椎体包埋,中间椎体有限损伤,多次撞击实验可以制作典型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的模型。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体裂隙周围硬化的Kümmell病

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗椎体裂隙周围硬化的Kümmell病的安全性与疗效。方法 2011年1月~2013年6月,20例骨质疏松性椎体裂隙周围硬化的Kümmell病患者在本院接受PKP治疗。术前、术后2 d及末次随访时采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评估患者疼痛缓解和生活质量改善情况。测量并记录伤椎前缘相对高度和局部后凸Cobb角的矫正情况。结果本组病例随访12~36个月,平均16个月;无脊髓神经根损伤、肺栓塞等并发症发生。术前VAS评分、ODI、伤椎前缘相对高度和后凸角分别为(8.9±0.4)分、(87.5±3.5)%、(41.3±5.2)%、22.1°±1.8°,术后2 d分别为(2.2±0.6)分、(31.8±4.1)%、(71.2±4.9)%、12.6°±1.4°,末次随访时为(2.0±0.3)分、(26.1±1.3)%、(70.7±4.8)%、13.2°±1.8°,术后2 d与术前相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),末次随访与术后2 d相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PKP用于治疗椎体裂隙周围硬化的Kümmell病安全、有效,能缓解疼痛、恢复椎体高度、纠正脊柱后凸畸形,可改善患者生活质量。     

单双侧椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的疗效分析

目的 对比单双侧椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性单一胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2010-06-2013-04北京积水潭医院脊柱科诊治的PKP患者451例,分为单侧和双侧入路组.评价指标:手术时间、透视次数、骨水泥量、VAS评分、椎体高度、Cobb角及骨水泥渗漏.结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术.平均手术时间、骨水泥填充量、平均手术时间、骨水泥注射量、X线曝光时间2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组术后VAS评分、平均椎体高度、Cobb角较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组骨水泥渗漏率相似,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 单侧入路行PKP治疗骨质疏松性单椎体骨折比双侧入路具有手术时间更短、X线放射次数更少等优点,能取得经双侧入路穿刺相似的治疗效果.     

闭合复位与切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折的疗效比较

目的比较闭合复位与切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折的疗效。方法自2008-01—2013-01,对采用闭合复位与切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗且获得随访的110例股骨干骨折进行回顾性分析,其中60例采用闭合复位,50例采用切开复位。比较2组术中出血量、手术时间、骨折愈合时间、并发症及膝关节功能评分。结果闭合复位组获得平均14(6~20)个月随访,切开复位组获得平均16(8~22)个月随访。闭合复位组手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、HSS评分分别为(84.170±15.228)min、(149.250±33.659)ml、(5.290±1.113)个月、(86.980±6.736)分,切开复位组分别为(84.940±15.745)min、(441.800±76.277)ml、(8.170±2.123)个月、(82.100±9.351)分;闭合复位组与切开复位组比较,术中出血量更少,骨折愈合时间更短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但2组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。闭合复位组术后12个月膝关节功能HSS评分较切开复位组高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。闭合复位组术后2例发生骨折延迟愈合,3例出现股骨外旋畸形愈合,并发症发生率为8.333%。切开复位组术后6例发生骨折延迟愈合,2例骨不连,1例浅表感染,1例深部感染,并发症发生率为20.000%。闭合复位组术后并发症发生率低于切开复位组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折时,闭合复位疗效优于开放复位。     

多轴锁定钢板内固定结合关节镜技术治疗高能量Pilon骨折

目的观察多轴锁定钢板内固定结合关节镜技术辅助治疗高能量Pilon骨折的疗效。方法自2010-02—2013-04诊治高能量Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折22例,利用CT三维重建骨折的形态及关节面情况,术中采用关节镜辅助观察胫距关节面并协助复位,然后用多轴锁定钢板固定胫骨远端碎骨折块。通过分析末次随访的踝关节影像学形态测量结果和踝关节功能Mazur评分评定术后疗效。结果 22例均获得随访10~24个月,平均13.3个月。骨折均获得愈合,愈合时间7~19周,平均11.4周。1例出现皮肤坏死,行转移皮瓣修复,其余无深部感染、骨折不愈合、钢板外露等并发症。末次随访时均行踝关节CT检查,仅1例CT显示胫骨远端关节面欠平整,但暂无骨性关节炎表现。疗效根据踝关节功能Mazur评分评定:优(92分)15例,良(87~92分)4例,可(65~86分)3例。结论多轴锁定钢板内固定结合关节镜技术治疗Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折具有手术创伤小、固定可靠、可早期功能锻炼、术后踝关节功能恢复好的优点。     

个体化数字导板结合3D打印技术在旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换术中的应用

目的探讨个体化数字导板结合3D打印技术在旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换术中的应用。方法 2011年6月至2014年7月,采用旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换术治疗胫骨近端恶性骨肿瘤16例。术前行64排螺旋CT及3.0T MRI扫描,建立膝关节三维解剖模型并模拟手术及设计复位导板,应用熔融沉积成型技术制作实体导板,术中引导骨肿瘤截骨。结果所有患者均获随访,随访时间为5~44个月,平均31个月,总优良率为88.1%。膝关节活动度为伸膝0°、屈膝90°~125°(平均106°)。术后肿瘤局部复发4例,但无假体松动、感染等并发症发生。结论旋转铰链型人工膝关节可减少骨与假体之间的应力,降低假体松动及疲劳性骨折发生率,因此旋转铰链型膝关节置换术是膝部恶性骨肿瘤较理想的保肢方法。而应用个体化数字导板可减少手术操作时间,提高假体安装精度,从而达到更佳的手术效果。     

Accurate and Easy Measurement of Sliding Distance of Intramedullary Nail in Trochanteric Fracture

Background

In daily clinical practice, it is essential to properly evaluate the postoperative sliding distance of various femoral head fixation devices (HFD) for trochanteric fractures. Although it is necessary to develop an accurate and reproducible method that is unaffected by inconsistent postoperative limb position on radiography, few studies have examined which method is optimal. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to prospectively compare the accuracy and reproducibility of our four original methods in the measurement of sliding distance of the HFD.

Methods

Radiographs of plastic simulated bone implanted with Japanese proximal femoral nail antirotation were taken in five limb postures: neutral, flexion, minute internal rotation, greater external rotation, and flexion with external rotation. Orthopedic surgeons performed five measurements of the sliding distance of the HFD in each of the flowing four methods: nail axis reference (NAR), modified NAR, inner edge reference, and nail tip reference. We also assessed two clinical cases by using these methods and evaluated the intraclass correlation coefficients.

Results

The measured values were consistent in the NAR method regardless of limb posture, with an even smaller error when using the modified NAR method. The standard deviation (SD) was high in the nail tip reference method and extremely low in the modified NAR method. In the two clinical cases, the SD was the lowest in the modified NAR method, similar to the results using plastic simulated bone. The intraclass correlation coefficients showed the highest value in the modified NAR method.

Conclusions

We conclude that the modified NAR method should be the most recommended based on its accuracy, reproducibility, and usefulness.     

Comparison of the Sliding and Femoral Head Rotation among Three Different Femoral Head Fixation Devices for Trochanteric Fractures

Background

Recently, various femoral head fixation devices (HFDs) for trochanteric fractures have become available. However, there are some cases in which femoral head rotation with excessive sliding of the HFD is observed and it is often followed by cutout. The purpose of this study is to compare the ability of the three types of HFDs to prevent femoral head rotation.

Methods

Between July 2005 and December 2009, 206 patients aged over 60 years with trochanteric fractures who had undergone surgical treatment using a short femoral nail in our institution were enrolled into the study. We used the gamma 3 nail (GMN) as the screw-type HFD in 66 cases, the gliding nail (GLN) as a non-cylindrical blade in 76 cases, and the proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) as a cylindrical blade in 64 cases. The sliding length of HFDs and the occurrence of femoral head rotation were evaluated by assessing radiographs as the main outcome, and the results were compared among these devices.

Results

A comparison of the degree of sliding in the GMN group showed that femoral head rotation was observed significantly more frequently in cases with rotation. Further, it appeared that femoral head rotation occurred more frequently in comminuted fractures. However, no significant differences between the sliding lengths of the different HFDs were observed among three groups. Femoral head rotation was observed in 15 cases of GMN (22.7%), 0 case of GLN, and 5 case of PFNA (7.8%). Significant differences with regard to the occurrence of femoral head rotation were observed among the three groups. Furthermore, significant differences were also observed between GLN and PFNA with respect to the occurrence of femoral head rotation.

Conclusions

The ability to stabilize femoral head appears to be greater with blade-type materials than with screw-type materials. Furthermore, we believe that a non-cylindrical blade is preferable to a cylindrical blade for the surgical treatment of comminuted, unstable trochanteric fractures in order to prevent femoral head rotation and cut-out.     

全肘关节置换术的临床应用及疗效分析

 目的 探讨全肘关节置换术治疗老年肱骨远端粉碎性骨折和肘部类风湿关节炎的临床疗效。方法 自2006年4月至2012年6月,应用半限制型全肘关节置换术治疗老年肱骨远端粉碎性骨折9例、肘部类风湿关节炎4例。男3例,女10例;50岁1例,大于60岁12例。肱骨远端骨折AO分型C2型3例、C3型6例。其中8例一期行全肘关节置换,1例开放性骨折（Gustilo-AndersonⅠ型）二期行全肘关节置换。4例肘部类风湿关节炎患者平均病程7.8年,Mayo分期Ⅲ期1例、Ⅳ期2例、Ⅴ期1例。全部采用铰链式-半限制型假体,以骨水泥固定。结果 手术时间120~180 min,平均150 min;出血量250~550 ml,平均400 ml;住院时间16~55 d,平均30.2 d。全部病例获得随访,随访时间15~82个月,平均 39.5个月。12例切口一期愈合,1例类风湿关节炎患者发生急性切口感染。切口感染病例病原学检查为阴沟杆菌,经二期手术清理、置管冲洗引流4周,应用敏感抗生素治疗后痊愈。该例术中截骨时发生肱骨外髁骨折,给予克氏针张力带固定,术后4个月骨性愈合。随访期间全部病例均未发生假体松动、脱位等并发症。X线片示假体位置良好,7例骨水泥界面出现透光区。Mayo肘关节功能评分优3例、良8例、可2例,优良率84.6%（11/13）。结论 全肘关节置换治疗肘部类风湿关节炎和老年肱骨远端粉碎性骨折有效,但必须严格掌握手术适应证和遵循手术操作技巧,治疗肘部类风湿关节炎时术中及术后并发症发生率较高。